Hydroboration-Oxidation of (1R)-(+)-aplha-Pinene Lab Report

Hydroboration-Oxidation of (1R)-(+)-aplha-Pinene - Lab Report Example The final step involved subliming the organic layer with an attempt to purify the products through use of a cold finger and a vacuum. The final product was then observed and measurements taken. The experiment involved conversation of alkenes into alcohol through the process of anti-markovnikov. The reaction performed exhibited stereo-selectivity and region-selectivity. The solutions used in the experiment were chemically air-sensitive, this made addition of the compounds used a crucial step. The experiment facilitated the learning of how to use IR-spectroscopy in process of confirming the conversion of an alkene group to alcohol group. The corpus of hyroboration of an alkene entails the addition of borane through a double bond. This is an oxidation process that leads to formation of an oragnoborane intermediate. The intermediate, through anti-Markovnikov hydration process, gives an alcoholic product. During the process of the reaction, the boron adds towards the fewer substitutes, which is carbon, owing to the fact that it has a higher level of electromagnetivity. The reaction involving hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide leads to the production of hydro-peroxide anions , removing the boron atom, thus forming boron-hydroperoxide. The alkyl group reacts with the oxygen atom and simultaneously the hydroxide forms another hydroperoxide anion. This process occurs several times until a C-O bond s formed by converting all the C-B bonds. A hydrolysis of the C-O bonds leads to the formation of alcohol. 1) The melting point of my product was at 55.8 degree Celsius. This is lower than the melting point of water, which is usually at 100 degree Celsius at normal temperature. This is higher than the melting point of isopinocampheol, which is at 51. 53 degree Celsius: This is similar to the melting point of neoisopinocampheol. It is also higher than the melting point of cis-2-pinanol and that of trans-2-pinanol, which are at 43 and

Managing across cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing across cultures - Essay Example DR Geert Hofstede, a psychologist identified four distinct cultural dimensions that served to differentiate one culture from another. Later on in his study he added the fifth one. The five dimensions of culture that Hofstede distinguished include (Aaldering 2010): Power/distance: this is initially the degree of inequality that is present and is accepted among people with or without power. The score that one gets points that society accepts an unequal distribution of power and people in the system. Whereas a low score indicates that the power is shared and well dispersed. For example in a high PD country like Malaysia an organization would send reports only to the top hierarchy management with the involvement of few high level managers. Individualism (IDV). This indicates the strong ties between individuals. The following diagram shows how it works : Characteristics Tips High IDV High Valuation on peoples time and their need for freedom. An enjoyment of challenges, and an expectation of rewards for hard work. Respect for privacy. Acknowledge accomplishments. Don’t ask for too much personal information. Encourage debate and expression of own ideas. Low IDV Emphasis on building skills and becoming masters of something. Work for intrinsic rewards. Harmony more important than honesty. Show respect for age and wisdom. Suppress feelings and emotions to work in harmony. Respect traditions and introduce change slowly. Masculinity (MAS). This actually talks about how much the organization looks at the traditional values of male and female. In today’s world one could clearly see how men and female are treated with equal opportunities. Uncertainty/ A voidance index (UAI). This is basically the degree of anxiety that the members of an organization or a society feel when there situations are unknown or uncertain. Long Term Orientation (LTO). This talks about how much society put value in the long term standing- as opposed to short term traditions and values Thi s article basically talked about the five basic dimensions and how these could be used in order to meet the needs of individuals working with different culture employees. Trompenaars four diversity culture: Another culturalist Trompenaars along with Hampden-Turner came with other cultural factors that talk about these few points on how to face the cultural differences in the organization. The article ‘Cultural frame of reference’, (Jeurissen 2007) talks about universalism vs. particularism which generally talks about how an organization can find and work on the general rules instead of forcing on the existing rules and demotivating the entire team. It also talks about analyzing vs. integrating which is decomposing to find the details and integrating to bring all those things together in order to have a big picture to understand better. Individualism vs. communitarianism is where the individual’s rights are put forward along with the rights of the whole group or t eam. Another one that Trompenaar talks about is inner directed vs. outer directed. This is where the assumption is made that thinking is the most powerful tool to approach an idea. And then seeking the data in the outer world or in other words to be optimistic. This article basically just talks about how looking at a thing , analyzing it and then giving it a status changes the way we look at things and culture differences are the same thing. One should be

Conclusion on Private Equity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Conclusion on Private Equity - Essay Example After the buyouts, the private equity firms are able to manage the companies in to making profits, after which they are sold to other investors. The private equity firms do a financial refurbishment of the companies facing a crisis. The Private equity firms also rebuilt the financial structures so that the companies get the ability of becoming productive financially. The major aim of the private equity firms is to make substantial returns to investors and to make their profits from the capsizing companies (Cendrowski, 2011 p89). The Blackstone Group is firm that deals with private equity it is based in America in the New York state. The investment company has got interests in vital businesses across the world. Blackstone is one of the largest firms that deal in a leveraged buyout transactions. They also have an interest to the real estate sector more so the commercial real estate business. The company is able to buyout a failing company, restructure the management of the company, put in a few investors and then they are able to turn around the financial status of the company in remarkably little time. The firm will then take out profits in the form of commissions that are deducted for the management of the company, and they also charge a performance fee that they will use to quantify their profits. The Southern Cross Healthcare is among the top companies that provides healthcare to the United Kingdom community. The Southern Cross have specialized their health care to care for the elderly people and those suffering from mental health in the residential and long term nursing homes. The Southern Cross business is also specialized in offering health care services to people who are suffering from brain injuries, and psychiatric issues. The company owns more than one hundred and sixty homes. Southern Cross was faring well under the management of John Moreton until the buyout of West Private Equity and Health care investments came along. Blackstone acquired Southern C ross by a buyout that was done in 2004 for a tune of ?162 million. They operated more than one hundred and sixty two homes whereby a majority of the homes were leased. Blackstone then put down its management skills on Southern Cross and invested in the company to make it one of the best health care providers in the United Kingdom. They also managed to acquire the Nursing Home Properties which were put under Southern Cross; this increased the portfolio of Southern Cross and made the health care provider become the largest health care provider in the United Kingdom. Later in 2005, Blackstone also acquired the Ashbourne Group which they also included in to the portfolio of Southern Cross. This still increased the financial credibility of Southern Cross, and this was at the same time increasing the quality of the services that they were giving to the people. Blackstone acquired the Ashbourne group with the aim of increasing the quality of services to Southern Cross. So far, the manageme nt methods of Blackstone to Southern were being done correctly, and the company was raking massive profits to investors, and management of the company was also benefiting. Apart from the management and the investors benefiting, the society was getting value for their money in terms of the

Progress report Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Progress report Memo - Essay Example In addition, I have applied general social work frameworks at the organization. The main emphasis has been on assessing the adequacy of services to the mentally ill East Africans and other populations affected by mental illness. I have also developed a clear understanding of the general social work identified with the organizations work objectives. Additionally, I have applied some of the problem solving techniques that I have learned. This includes assessing the situation and evaluating individuals with the mental illness. I have recommended the use of peers as a solution to some of the problems. However, I have not been able to use intervention as a strategy towards finding a solution to these people. I have a plan to integrate with mentally ill East Africans fully, that is, in their lifestyle so that I can identify what exactly is the cause of their mental illness and the challenges they face in

A path breaking research in the area of Metrics used in IT industry Paper

A path breaking in the area of Metrics used in IT industry and its effectiveness- Developing new metrics for measuring - Research Paper Example Scope becomes sufficiently measured through observation of the changes required during the implementation process. This paper explores the various metrics utilized in assessment of the efficacy in implementation of these unique IT projects. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 INTRODUCTION 4 METHODOLOGY 4 Planning 5 Controlling 6 DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS 6 FINDINGS 9 Project metrics 10 Metrics in IT projects 11 Cost 11 Time 13 Scope 15 CONCLUSION 16 REFERENCES 18 INTRODUCTION The information technology industry represents a unique characteristic for development projects aimed at providing improved technologies, both in software and hardware sectors. The planning process for the projects remains an essential component for minimizing project failure ultimately assuring success. Poor management of IT projects remains the highest cause of project failures within the industry. It is estimated that this accounts for 54% failure with technical challenges causing 3% (Gulla, 2012). Proper management begins with development of proper plans during the initial project stages. The evaluation process seeks to make an assessment of the project progress during implementation. ... The process will be broken down into different stages which shall follow each other. The waterfall methodology being utilized shall be as indicated in the chart below. Measurement of the various metrics involved in the project will be undertaken following completion of each stage and relevant actions taken, based on the results of performance indexes. Figure 1the waterfall methodology Planning The project planning aspect involves the development of a plan providing guideline towards undertaking a desired development project. This marks the beginning stage of any project being implemented. The element of undertaking sufficient planning remains fundamental in assuring success, or causing ultimate project failure. The planning process involves provision of various aspects of the project, commonly through estimations. These estimations provide guidelines during implementation; hence their accuracy remains essential in assuring success. The provided estimates must remain reflective of act ual figures, with minimal discrepancies. During the project evaluation process, the actual figures become measured against the provided project estimates, established during the planning stages. Poor planning remains the fundamental cause for most project failures. While the planning phase remains fundamental in ensuring success, the numerous aspects involved within the planning phase contribute towards successful implementation. Individuals involved in the planning phase of any projects should ensure that the plans suffice the project requirements. This serves in eliminating and minimizing continuous changes during the project implementation phase. The planning phase should provide a

Danesh web design studio problematic situation Case Study

Danesh web design studio problematic situation - Case Study Example In this paper, we will describe a "Problematic" situation in a Web Design Studio, we will review some of the most appropriate management science methods for analyzing the situation and recommend the most suitable method(s) that helps to resolve the problem.We will build a model of the problem based on the selected method(s) and will discuss the limitation of the model we have developed. Also, we will discuss the process of exploring the model, arriving at recommended actions and implementing these actions within the culture of the organization.Before we start describing the problematic situation, we have better have an overview of "Danesh Web Design Studio"1 web services and introduce the structure of the organization in brief. We will then identify the problematic situation in the company.Danesh Web Design Studio offers a complete package of affordable website design and development. From the initial process of taking inputs from clients, planning on the basis of such inputs to fina l implementation and testing - all are done using latest web-site designing technique and skills.They allow their customers to provide all kind of inputs. They develop the website, giving top priority to the intended audience/market and overall user experience. They constantly keep the customers informed and take their feedback during the job process.Some of the services they provide for their customers are "Website Management and Maintenance", "E-Commerce Solutions","Search Engine Optimisation","Design and Implementation of Web-Based Applications" and "Website re-Design".... One of the project manager lefted the company to join a software production team in canada. The problem was the failure in project delivery to customers in the appointee time. Each project was delivered to the customers with seven to twenty days delay. This caused the studio to cancel some of the newly received projects in order to accomplish the old orders in shortest possible time and this caused the company to loose 7 orders worth of $47500 in June 2006. Nothing in the studio's total structure was changed exept for the project management because the company had lost %33 of it's management power. This seemed to be the cause of the failure in delivering the orders in time but other factors like the productivity of the personnel and their expertise in the field they were working could be questioned too. Not all the orders have been the same, for example, an employee might have been assigned to an order which has not been in the scope of his knowlege no matter if he/she has taken the order because of a good income or it has been the manager's decision. In next section, we will have an overview to some of the most appropriate management science methods that seems they may help us resolve the issue in the shortest possible time. We will then select the most appropriate method to resolve the issue with. 2. Reviewing some of the most appropriate management science methods for analysing the situation "Management science, or MS, is the discipline of using mathematics, and other analytical methods, to help make better business decisions. While often considered synonymous with Operations research (OR), MS is differentiated by being generally thought to have a more practical, rather than academic, bent. Some of the fields that are englobed within Management Science

Linux Init Processes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Linux Init Processes - Essay Example These processes offer a common language that allows the computer to work together with the installed software and hardware. The following report focuses on the Init process, a process that runs in the Linux operating system (Goodwin). The report analyzes the report in detail, its running level and configuration. Introduction to Linux Developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds, Linux is an open source operating system developed under the GNU General Public License (Firewall.cx Newsletter). This operating system also goes under the name GNU/Linux as its main supporting user space libraries and system tools originated from the GNU project. Its defining component is the Linux Kernel which has set a platform for the establishment of numerous operating systems released on the basis of this platform. It was initially developed for Intel x86 systems. Since then, it has undergone major transformations and has now been ported to more hardware platforms. Its popularity has also increased over time, an d it is now the operating system of choice among servers, mainframe computers and supercomputers (Firewall.cx Newsletter). Commercial applications under the Linux platforms have also experienced immense growth over the past few years. Linux has also made significant contributions to the mobile handset market where it is incorporated into embedded systems. For instance, it is the operating system of choice in some video game consoles, network routers and most importantly, the android system whose use has increased significantly among mobile handset users. Linux Source Code As stated earlier, Linux is developed on the free and open source software platform (About.com). This means that anyone can use, modify and distribute its source code under certain licenses. By definition, source code refers to the programming language statements designed to facilitate the operations of the computer. Linux Init Processes. Linux Init Processes refers to final process in the booting process. It initi alises all programs as defined in the file /etc/inittab. The file usually contains several instances of â€Å"Getty† which become started by the Init process. The instances of Getty then start the shell processes. Basically, Init has control over numerous independent processes needed by the system. Init gets everything run properly after the kernel has started running fully (Linux.die.net). It creates and runs the user space which involves looking for and installing file systems, starting essential user services and also switching to a user environment after the system start up becomes complete. This step does everything that the system needs done at the system initialisation. At the system initialisation, processes such as setting the clock and initialisation of serial ports become accomplished. Init continues reading from the â€Å"/etc/inittab† which describes the set up of the system at each run level. The procedure through which the Init process goes through can b e summarised as follows: Reading the â€Å"/etc/inittab† initialisation file - Init reads a configuration script which sets up a path, swaps and checks the file systems (Garrels). This step takes care of several things such as setting up the clock and initialisation of serial ports. Init continues r